North America Citric Acid Market

North America Citric Acid Market Size

The North America Citric Acid Market size was calculated to be USD 0.66 billion in 2024 and is anticipated to be worth USD 1.01 billion by 2033, from USD 0.69 billion in 2025, growing at a CAGR of 4.90% during the forecast period.

The North American citric acid market incorporates the production, distribution, and utilization of citric acid—a weak organic acid widely used across food and beverage, pharmaceutical, cleaning products, and industrial applications. Naturally occurring in citrus fruits, citric acid is primarily produced through microbial fermentation, with Aspergillus niger being the most commonly employed microorganism. It functions as an acidity regulator, preservative, flavor enhancer, and chelating agent. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the country’s food and beverage manufacturing sector contributed over $1.2 trillion to the economy in 2023, reinforcing the need for functional ingredients like citric acid. Apart from these, the rise in health-conscious consumer behavior has led to increased use of natural preservatives in packaged foods, further driving demand. Canada and Mexico also contribute significantly, particularly in the beverage and pharmaceutical industries.

MARKET DRIVERS

Growth in the Food & Beverage Industry

One of the primary drivers of the North American citric acid market is the robust expansion of the food and beverage industry, which relies heavily on citric acid for taste enhancement, preservation, and pH control. According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), the U.S. food manufacturing sector alone generated over $1.2 trillion in economic output in 2023, underlining its significance in the national economy. Citric acid is extensively used in carbonated soft drinks, fruit juices, canned foods, and ready-to-eat meals to enhance flavor and extend shelf life. The American Beverage Association reported that U.S. consumers purchased over 150 billion servings of non-alcoholic beverages in 2023, many of which contained citric acid as a flavoring and stabilizing agent. Moreover, the increasing popularity of plant-based and organic beverages—many of which require natural preservatives—has reinforced the demand for citric acid as a preferred additive. In addition, the rise in convenience food consumption, particularly among urban populations, has boosted processed food production, which depends on citric acid to maintain freshness and prevent spoilage.

Rising Demand in the Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sector

Another significant driver of the North American citric acid market is the expanding pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry, where citric acid serves critical roles as an excipient, buffer, and preservative in drug formulations and dietary supplements. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), citric acid is recognized as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) and is approved for use in a wide range of medicinal and nutritional products. Citric acid is integral in effervescent tablets, syrups, and injectable solutions, where it helps stabilize active ingredients and improve palatability. In addition, the growing trend of personalized nutrition and functional foods has spurred the nutraceutical segment, which includes vitamin C supplements, electrolyte powders, and probiotic formulations containing citric acid.

MARKET RESTRAINTS

Availability of Substitute Organic Acids

A key restraint affecting the North American citric acid market is the availability of alternative organic acids such as lactic acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid, which are increasingly used in food, beverage, and industrial applications. Lactic acid, for instance, is gaining traction in dairy and fermented food products due to its probiotic properties and cleaner-label appeal. The American Chemistry Council noted that lactic acid production capacity in North America expanded by 12% in 2023, driven by rising interest in biodegradable polymers and natural preservatives. Similarly, malic acid is favored in sour confectionery and energy drinks for its prolonged tartness and mouthfeel characteristics. Moreover, consumer perceptions regarding artificial additives have influenced some manufacturers to explore alternatives perceived as more “natural” or minimally processed.

Price Volatility of Raw Materials and Production Inputs

Price fluctuations in raw materials and production inputs pose a significant challenge to the North American acid market. The primary production method involves fermentation using carbohydrates such as corn syrup, molasses, or sugarcane derivatives, all of which are subject to agricultural commodity price swings. Energy costs also play a crucial role, as fermentation and downstream processing require substantial electricity and thermal energy. Also, supply chain disruptions related to enzyme suppliers and microbial strains used in fermentation have caused periodic delays and cost increases. These input cost variations create uncertainty for citric acid producers, limiting their ability to offer stable pricing to end-users.

MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

Expansion of Plant-Based and Functional Beverages

An emerging opportunity in the North American citric acid market lies in the rapid expansion of plant-based and functional beverages, which rely heavily on citric acid for flavor modulation, stabilization, and shelf-life extension. Citric acid plays a crucial role in these products by preventing oxidation, enhancing mouthfeel, and maintaining consistent texture. Functional beverages, including sports drinks, immunity boosters, and adaptogenic tonics, are also incorporating citric acid for its buffering and pH-balancing properties. Moreover, the clean-label movement has encouraged the use of naturally derived citric acid over synthetic alternatives, aligning with consumer demand for recognizable ingredients. Leading brands such as PepsiCo, Nestlé, and KeVita have reformulated their product lines to highlight natural preservatives and acidifiers, reinforcing citric acid’s relevance in modern beverage development.

Growing Use of Biodegradable Cleaning Products and Eco-Friendly Detergents

Another promising opportunity for the North American citric acid market is its increasing application in biodegradable cleaning products and eco-friendly detergents. Citric acid functions as a natural chelating agent, effectively binding metal ions in hard water and improving detergent performance without harmful environmental impact. Consumers are increasingly prioritizing environmentally sustainable products, prompting manufacturers to replace phosphates and synthetic chemicals with natural alternatives like citric acid. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recognized citric acid as a safer substitute in cleaning formulations, encouraging its adoption across commercial and residential applications. Furthermore, institutional procurement policies are reinforcing this shift. The U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) mandates that federal agencies prioritize Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP) certified products, many of which incorporate citric acid-based ingredients.

MARKET CHALLENGES

Regulatory Scrutiny Over Labeling and Ingredient Transparency

A pressing challenge facing the North American citric acid market is the increasing scrutiny surrounding labeling accuracy and ingredient transparency. Consumers are demanding clearer information about the source, processing methods, and potential allergens associated with food additives, including citric acid. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), mislabeling or incomplete disclosure can lead to product recalls, legal liabilities, and reputational damage. This issue is particularly relevant for citric acid derived from genetically modified (GM) sources such as corn or sugar beets. While GM-derived citric acid remains FDA-approved and widely used, consumer preference for non-GMO and organic-certified ingredients is growing. Additionally, regulatory bodies such as Health Canada and the California Department of Public Health have introduced stricter labeling requirements for processed foods, requiring manufacturers to disclose sourcing and production details.

Technological Complexity in Fermentation Processes

The production of citric acid relies heavily on fermentation technology, which presents technical challenges that can affect yield, purity, and cost efficiency. Most commercial citric acid is produced through submerged fermentation using Aspergillus nigr, a process that requires precise control over temperature, pH levels, and nutrient supply. One of the key issues is variability in raw material composition, particularly when using different carbohydrate sources such as glucose, molasses, or starch hydrolysates. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) highlights that inconsistencies in feedstock quality can lead to batch-to-batch differences in citric acid concentration and impurity levels, necessitating advanced purification techniques. Additionally, downstream processing steps such as filtration, crystallization, and drying add complexity and capital expenditure. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) notes that upgrading fermentation facilities to meet stringent food-grade standards often requires significant investment in bioreactors, separation systems, and waste treatment infrastructure.

REPORT COVERAGE

SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS

By Form Insights

Anhydrous citric acid had the largest share in the North American citric acid market accounting for 58.6% of total consumption in 2024. This dominance is primarily attributed to its widespread use in dry food formulations, pharmaceutical tablets, and powdered beverage mixes where moisture content must be minimized. A key driver behind this segment’s leadership is its extensive application in effervescent tablets and dietary supplements, where anhydrous form ensures stability and prolonged shelf life. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), citric acid is a preferred excipient in over-the-counter medications due to its GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status. Moreover, the growing popularity of instant drink powders and sports nutrition products has reinforced the demand for anhydrous variants.

Liquid citric acid is coming up as the highest-growing segment in the North American citric acid market, expanding at a CAGR of 6.3%. This growth is driven by its increasing adoption of ready-to-drink beverages, liquid pharmaceutical formulations, and industrial cleaning solutions. One of the primary growth catalysts is the rising production of carbonated soft drinks and juice-based beverages, which require liquid citric acid for consistent acidity and ease of blending. Moreover, the cleaning and sanitation industry is leveraging liquid citric acid for descaling, metal cleaning, and disinfectant formulations due to its biodegradable and non-corrosive properties.

By Application Insights

The beverages sector depicted the biggest application segment in the North American citric acid market by capturing 34.7% of total demand in 2024. This is due to citric acid’s essential role in enhancing flavor, preserving freshness, and maintaining color stability in both carbonated and non-carbonated drinks. A major driver of this segment’s leadership is the high volume of soft drink consumption in the United States. Leading brands like Coca-Cola and PepsiCo rely on citric acid to balance sweetness and provide tartness in their flagship products. Additionally, the rise in functional beverages—such as electrolyte-infused waters, energy drinks, and flavored seltzers—has further boosted demand. Canada’s beverage industry also contributes significantly, with Health Canada approving citric acid for use in a wide range of bottled and canned drinks.

Cosmetics and personal care applications are witnessing the highest growth rate in the North American citric acid market, expanding at a CAGR of 7.8%. This surge is fueled by the increasing use of citric acid in skincare, haircare, and natural beauty formulations due to its mild exfoliating, pH-adjusting, and preservative properties. One of the key growth drivers is the shift toward clean-label and plant-derived ingredients in cosmetics. Brands like L’Oréal, Neutrogena, and The Ordinary have incorporated citric acid into toners, cleansers, and anti-aging creams for gentle skin renewal and improved formulation stability. Additionally, the rise in at-home skincare treatments and chemical peel kits has increased demand for citric acid-based formulations. The American Academy of Dermatology cited studies indicating that alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) like citric acid help improve skin texture and reduce signs of aging without causing significant irritation.

By Function Insights

Acidulant function spearheaded the North American citric acid market by representing 42.1% of total functional applications in 2024. This dominance is primarily driven by citric acid’s role in balancing pH levels, enhancing flavor profiles, and improving the sensory experience of food and beverage products. A key factor behind this segment’s leadership is its widespread use in carbonated drinks, fruit juices, and processed foods to impart a refreshing tartness while preventing microbial spoilage. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), citric acid is one of the most widely approved acidulants in food manufacturing due to its safety profile and effectiveness at low concentrations. Furthermore, the convenience food industry relies heavily on citric acid to maintain consistency and prevent discoloration in packaged meals. In addition, the growing trend of craft sodas and artisanal beverages has further expanded the demand for citric acid as a natural acidulant.

Sequestrant function is rising as the most dynamic growing application in the North American citric acid market, expanding at a CAGR of 6.9%. This growth is primarily driven by citric acid’s ability to bind metal ions, thereby preventing undesirable reactions in food, detergents, and industrial processes. A key growth catalyst is the increasing adoption of citric acid in eco-friendly cleaning and laundry detergent formulations. With regulatory bodies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promoting phosphate-free alternatives, citric acid has become a preferred sequestrant for removing hard water deposits and enhancing detergent performance. Moreover, the food processing industry utilizes citric acid as a sequestrant to prevent oxidation and maintain color stability in canned vegetables, sauces, and oils. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) noted that citric acid helps extend shelf life by inhibiting enzymatic browning and rancidity. Additionally, institutional procurement policies favoring environmentally safe ingredients are reinforcing this trend.

REGIONAL ANALYSIS

The United States had the largest share in the North American citric acid market by contributing 66.6% of regional demand in 2024. This lead position is supported by the country's vast food and beverage manufacturing base, strong pharmaceutical sector, and growing consumer preference for natural preservatives and flavor enhancers. A major driver is the scale of beverage production, particularly carbonated soft drinks and functional beverages, where citric acid serves as a key acidity regulator. Effervescent tablets, syrups, and injectable formulations all utilize citric acid for buffering and preservation. With robust R&D initiatives and a focus on clean-label products, the U.S. continues to dominate the NortAmericanca citric acid landscape.

Canada is maintaining a steady growth trajectory driven by its expanding food processing and personal care industries. Consumers in Canada are increasingly opting for natural preservatives and acidifiers, aligning with global ingredient transparency trends. A key growth area lies in the beverage sector, where Canadian breweries and soft drink manufacturers incorporate citric acid for flavor enhancement and microbial stability. Additionally, Canada’s pharmaceutical industry benefits from regulatory clarity provided by Health Canada, which supports citric acid usage in both prescription and over-the-counter medications.

Mexico is positioning itself as an emerging player due to rising urbanization, changing dietary habits, and expanding industrial applications. While traditionally less developed than the U.S. and Canada in terms of citric acid consumption, Mexico is gradually integrating citric acid into its food and beverage value chain. One of the key drivers is the growth of the agro-industrial sector, particularly in fruit juice and soft drink production. Additionally, the pharmaceutical and cleaning product industries are adopting citric acid for its multifunctional properties. As domestic and export-oriented manufacturers continue to modernize their formulations, Mexico’s citric acid market is expected to expand steadily within the broader North American region.

TOP PLAYERS IN THE NORTH AMERICA CITRIC ACID MARKET

Cargill, Incorporated

Cargill is a global leader in food and industrial ingredient solutions and holds a strong presence in the North America citric acid market. The company supplies citric acid derived from sustainable and non-GMO sources, catering to the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and cleaning product industries. Cargill’s extensive distribution network and commitment to innovation have made it a preferred supplier for major consumer goods companies. Its investment in biotechnology and fermentation capabilities has also supported the development of cleaner-label and plant-based formulations.

Ingredion Incorporated

Ingredion plays a pivotal role in the North American citric acid landscape by offering tailored acidulant and preservative solutions across multiple sectors. The company integrates citric acid into its portfolio of functional ingredients, supporting applications in beverages, dairy, confectionery, and processed foods. Ingredion's focus on customer-centric formulation support and regulatory compliance has strengthened its market position. Its acquisition of key specialty starch and sweetener businesses has further enhanced its ability to offer integrated ingredient systems that include citric acid as a core component.

Jungbunzlauer Suisse AG

Jungbunzlauer is a leading producer of natural and biodegradable specialty ingredients, including citric acid, with a strong foothold in North America. The company emphasizes sustainable production methods, using renewable raw materials to manufacture high-purity citric acid for food, pharmaceutical, and personal care applications. Jungbunzlauer’s commitment to eco-friendly chemistry aligns with the growing demand for clean-label products in North America. Its strategic partnerships with regional distributors and focus on value-added service offerings have reinforced its reputation as a reliable and innovative player in the market.

TOP STRATEGIES USED BY KEY MARKET PARTICIPANTS

One of the primary strategies employed by leading players in the North American citric acid market is product diversification and application-specific formulation, allowing companies to cater to a wide range of industries including food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial cleaners. By developing customized citric acid blends suited for specific end uses, manufacturers enhance their competitive edge and expand their customer base.

Another crucial strategy is sustainability-driven sourcing and production where companies emphasize the use of non-GMO, plant-based feedstocks and energy-efficient fermentation processes. This approach aligns with consumer demand for environmentally responsible and transparent ingredient sourcing, particularly in the food and personal care sectors.

Lastly, strategic acquisitions and partnerships are frequently used to strengthen supply chain resilience and broaden geographic reach. Companies are acquiring smaller ingredient firms or forming alliances with biotech innovators to integrate advanced fermentation technologies and secure long-term contracts with key clients in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries.

KEY MARKET PLAYERS AND COMPETITION OVERVIEW

Major Players in the North American citric acid market include Tate & Lyle plc, Archer Daniels Midland Company, Pfizer Inc, and Gadot Biochemical Industrie.s

The competition in the NortAmericanca citric acid market is marked by a mix of global ingredient suppliers, regional producers, and specialty chemical companies vying for dominance through differentiation and innovation. While large multinational corporations leverage their R&D capabilities, established distribution networks, and brand recognition, mid-sized and niche players focus on sustainability, purity standards, and tailored application support to carve out market share. The industry remains highly fragmented, with competition not only based on price but also on technical expertise, regulatory compliance, and product quality consistency.

A significant battleground lies in the shift toward clean-label and bio-based ingredients, prompting manufacturers to reformulate citric acid products for transparency and traceability. Additionally, the rise of private-label brands and contract manufacturing is altering traditional supplier-buyer dynamics, compelling ingredient providers to offer more flexible and cost-effective solutions. As demand from the food, beverage, and personal care sectors continues to evolve, companies must continuously adapt to changing consumer preferences and regulatory landscapes to maintain relevance and leadership in this mature yet dynamic market.

RECENT HAPPENINGS IN THE MARKET

• In January 2024, Cargill announced the expansion of its biotechnology fermentation facility in Iowa, aiming to increase citric acid production capacity and support growing demand from the food and beverage sector.
• In March 2024, Ingredion launched a new line of clean-label citric acid blends designed specifically for organic-certified beverage and snack formulations, enhancing its appeal among health-conscious consumers.
• In June 2024, Jungbunzlauer entered into a long-term supply agreement with a major U.S.-based pharmaceutical manufacturer, ensuring a stable supply of high-purity citric acid for effervescent tablet production.
• In August 2024, Tate & Lyle expanded its partnership with a leading North American beverage company to provide citric acid for a new line of low-sugar carbonated drinks targeting health-focused consumers.
• In October 2024, Roquette Frères acquired a stake in a Canadian clean-label ingredient startup, strengthening its regional presence and enabling deeper integration into the North American citric acid supply chain for food and dietary supplement applications.

MARKET SEGMENTATION

This research report on the North America Citric Acid Market has been segmented and sub-segmented based on form, application, function, and region.

By Form

• Anhydrous Citric Acid
• Liquid Citric Acid

By Application

• Beverages
• Cosmetics & Personal Care

By Function

• Acidulant
• Sequestrant

By Region

• Us
• Canada
• Rest of North America